Signal transduction pathways: Signal transduction pathways are utilized to translate signals from ligands into modifications in target cells’ biological activity. In this case, vision signal works when identifying the squirrel. An influx of ions into the cell is brought on by the activation of the receptor protein, as a result, the cell membrane depolarized. After reaching the end of the first cell, the signal is transmitted through synapses to the next cell until the process of transmission from the eye to the brain is completed. In addition to this, hormone is released from endocrine galnds, like epinephrine. And the signal is transmitted through a ligand-receptor signal transduction pathway, making the heart beat faster.
Metabolic pathways: catabolic pathways-In these chemical processes, complex macromolecules are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules, releasing a significant amount of bond energy. Therefore, the enegy to maintain arm posture is provided by these pathways.
Spinal Cord Tracts: it controls locomotion and posture.
Visual Pathway: it transmittes electrical signals from the retina of the eye to the visual cortex, so helps to identify the squirrel.
