思路就是谷歌学术查文献总结，下面的第一句说了一下影响，只是简略提及，要是解释就超过你得字数，后面是一些针对性政策。整个就是很简化的版本了当然里面政策你还可以自己举例。政策里面我删掉了年份和note也就是来源哪里，就是说下面的政策意见不是我自己瞎扯的是文献提及的代表作者的观点，你也可以加脚注引用。第二条和第四条这些文献都尝试说了一下，第三条The Some design of UC needs to be rethought意思就是说现有政策这些人觉得一些设计部分不合理，现在的政策影响就是人们觉得不合理，而且你题目的意思应该是强调政策，你影响就是一句概述，你要解释就超过字数，当然后面没法举例，不然超过你字数，我觉得整个应该能看明白吧，四百字，你只能是总结几个方面，比如三个或四个，然后列出意见，全盘皆顾所有意见都罗列做不到。我理解的所谓详细答案就是先前那个复杂的你自己再弄得，下面整个根本就是个简单版本，这叫做more detailed answer？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？
Universal Credit has conditionality. Universal Credit is paid direct to the claimant affects Housing Benefit, which, under the current system, is often paid direct to the landlord, especially for those in social housing. The Smith Commission proposed that Scotland should have powers over the frequency of payments, the payee (thus making splitting payments between partners in couples easier) and direct payment of the housing element to landlords. No minimum income floor should be used within Universal Credit, this need: (a) passporting Universal Credit claimants to FSM entitlement or (b) paying for help with the cost of school costs as an additional element within the claimant’s Universal Credit entitlement (and so tapering support along with other Universal Credit elements).Council Tax Benefit should be integrated into Universal Credit.
Universal Credit carries very heavy sanctions and penalties, Financial penalties should be removed for households including vulnerable people, such as children, disabled people or those with long-term physical or mental health conditions; The length and severity of financial benefit sanctions should be reduced; The process of applying sanctions requires improvements to guarantee: a) compassionate consideration of ‘good cause’ for noncompliance; b) clear advance warning of the intention to apply a benefit sanction and c) an effective warning system that precedes any detrimental action. Conditionality-free UC trials should be tested.
The Some design of UC needs to be rethought.There is an urgent need to reconsider the application of counterproductive in-work conditionality Easements to enable part-time working (and part-time job seeking) should be legally protected.High quality support and training should be provided. For example: by increasing work allowances and reducing the taper at which UC is withdrawn in relation to earnings.Support systems should be free to use, easily accessible and flexible.Referral to courses and back-to-work support needs to offer clear advantages to the recipient, and avoid repeat referrals to similar basic courses.Conditionality-free back-to-work support should be tested.
The proportion of some welfare policies of UC is inappropriate. The review needs to be improved. Field and Forsey have recently argued that there is a need for a ‘thorough review of in-work benefits, which looks beyond Universal Credit and takes as its starting point the full protection of lower paid workers with children’.Some people think The withdrawal rate of Universal Credit should be reduced from 65% to the 55%.Help with childcare costs under Universal Credit should cover 80% of childcare costs (not 70%). The SDP should be reproduced within Universal Credit, in order to ensure that those households in which disabled people have no other adult to look after them are able to receive support towards the additional costs that this creates. Universal Credit should import the capital rules from the tax credit system in order to ensure that households with significant savings do not lose all their welfare support.
